| Central processing unit (CPU) | The part of a computer that performs the majority of the processing and calculation tasks. |
| Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) | The part of the CPU responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations. |
| Control unit (CU) | The part of the CPU responsible for coordinating and controlling the other components of the CPU. |
| Registers | Small areas of memory within the CPU used to store and manipulate data quickly. |
| Primary memory | The main memory used by a computer to store data and program instructions that are currently being used. |
| Random access memory (RAM) | A type of primary memory that is volatile and can be read from and written to by the CPU. |
| Read-only memory (ROM) | A type of primary memory that is non-volatile and contains instructions that cannot be altered. |
| Cache memory | A small amount of high-speed memory used to store frequently accessed data for faster access by the CPU. |
| Machine instruction cycle | The process of fetching, decoding, executing, and storing machine instructions within the CPU. |
| Secondary memory | Long-term storage used to store data and programs that are not currently being used. |
| Operating system | Software that manages the resources and activities of a computer, and provides a user interface for interacting with the computer. |
| Application software | Software designed for specific tasks or purposes, such as word processing, spreadsheets, or graphic design. |
| Binary representation | A method of representing data using only two digits, 0 and 1. |
| Bit | A single unit of binary data, either 0 or 1. |
| Byte | A group of 8 bits, used to represent a larger unit of data. |
| Boolean operators | Logical operators used to combine or manipulate binary data, including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR. |
| Truth tables | Tables used to represent the outputs of Boolean expressions for every possible combination of inputs. |
| Logic gates | Electronic components used to implement Boolean expressions and perform logical operations. |
| Denary/Decimal | A base-10 numbering system, used to represent decimal numbers. |
| Hexadecimal | A base-16 numbering system, used to represent binary data more efficiently. |
| Graphical user interface (GUI) | A user interface that allows users to interact with a computer using graphical elements, such as icons, windows, and menus. |
| Logic diagrams | Diagrams that use logic gates and Boolean expressions to represent and solve problems. |
| AND | A Boolean operator that returns true if and only if both of its inputs are true. |
| OR | A Boolean operator that returns true if at least one of its inputs is true. |
| NOT | A Boolean operator that negates the input, returning true if the input is false, and vice versa. |
| NAND | A Boolean operator that returns false if and only if both of its inputs are true. |
| NOR | A Boolean operator that returns true if both of its inputs are false. |
| XOR | A Boolean operator that returns true if and only if exactly one of its inputs is true. |
| Thinking logically | A problem-solving approach that involves breaking down problems into smaller parts and using reasoning to arrive at solutions. |
| Connecting computational thinking and program design | The process of using computational thinking principles to design effective and efficient programs. |
| Volatile | Memory that loses its contents when power is removed. |
| Non-volatile | Memory that retains its contents even when power is removed. |
| Data bus | The communication pathway between the CPU and other components that transfers data. |
| Address bus | The communication pathway between the CPU and other components that carries memory addresses. |
| String | A sequence of characters used to represent text in a computer program. |
| Integer | A whole number used to represent numerical values in a computer program. |
| Characters | Single letters, digits, symbols, or other marks used in a computer program. |
| Unicode | A character encoding standard that allows computers to represent and manipulate text from different writing systems. |
| Ergonomics | The study of designing equipment and devices that are comfortable and efficient for human use. |
| Accessibility | The degree to which a system or device can be used by people with disabilities or special needs. |
